Vaginitis is an infection or irritation of the vagina that may be due to any of several causes. Normally, bacteria and other types of germs are found in the vagina and do not cause problems. However, overgrowth of bacteria or yeast can occur if the normal hormone and pH balance (level of acidity or alkalinity) of the vagina are disturbed. After menopause, the estrogen level that helped maintain a normal vaginal environment decreases, leaving the vagina more vulnerable to inflammation and infection. Other bacteria may be introduced into the vagina during sexual activity either from your partner or due to bacteria traveling from the rectum to the vaginal opening. Risk of vaginitis increases with poor general health, hot weather, constricting non-ventilated clothing, and other conditions causing increased genital moisture. Some illnesses, including diabetes, and increased frequency of sexual intercourse are contributing factors. Women after menopause who do not take hormone replacement are at risk for atrophic or postmenopausal vaginitis.
Symptoms may include:
A change in the normal vaginal discharge (color change, a thicker discharge than usual, or a different smell).
Itching, burning, swelling, and redness around the vagina
Change in the color of vaginal mucous membranes, either increased paleness or redness
Painful intercourse
What your doctor can do:
Diagnose the condition by asking about your symptoms and medical history, performing a physical exam, including a pelvic exam, and ordering further diagnostic tests such as laboratory studies of vaginal discharge, pap smear, and a possible biopsy (removal and study of a small amount of tissue) to rule out cancer.
Prescribe vaginal creams or suppositories, antibiotics, or estrogen replacements as needed.
Recommend treatment for sexual partner if indicated for sexually transmitted diseases.
What you can do:
Avoid sexual intercourse or use condoms until finished taking all of the medication.
Until the vaginitis is resolved, you should avoid excessive heat and sweating.
Keep the genital area clean.
Use plain unscented soap and take showers rather than tub baths.
Wear cotton panties or pantyhose with a cotton crotch, and avoid sitting around in wet clothing or bathing suit.
After urination or bowel movements, wipe or cleanse from front to back (vagina to anus).
Avoid using douches, vaginal deodorants and bubble baths.
If you are diabetic, stick to your treatment program to keep your blood sugar under control.
Talk to your doctor about replacement estrogen if you are menopausal.
What you can expect:
With treatment the infection should clear up within 2 weeks although it may recur.
Possible complications if the infection is not treated include spreading to other parts of the reproductive system, possibly causing serious problems.
Untreated infections may also affect the ability to become pregnant.
Contact your doctor if symptoms do not resolve with treatment, if you develop unusual vaginal bleeding or if symptoms return after receiving treatment.
